Prevalência e fatores preditivos de retenção urinária diagnosticada por ultrassonografia no período pós-anestésico imediato / Prevalencia y factores predictivos de retención urinaria diagnosticada por ultrasonido en el período postanestésico inmediato / Prevalence and predictive factors of urinary retention assessed by ultrasound in the immediate post-anesthetic period

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Retenção urinária é uma condição frequente na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA). Sobredistensão vesical e consequente lesão do detrusor da bexiga são situações passíveis de prevenção. A ultrassonografia permite medida confiável do volume urinário, determinando a prevalência da distensão vesical pós-operatória. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de retenção urinária pós-operatória e identificar fatores independentes de previsão de sua ocorrência. MÉTODO: Prospectivamente, foram incluídos no estudo 257 pacientes admitidos na SRPA. As variáveis coletadas incluíram: idade, sexo, estado físico, local da cirurgia, tipo de anestesia, tempos cirúrgico e anestésico, uso ou não de opioides, volume de fluidos administrados, história prévia de sintomas urinários. Medidas do volume vesical foram feitas, por ultrassonografia, na admissão e na alta da SRPA. O critério para caracterizar retenção urinária foi: volume vesical igual ou maior que 600 mL, associado à incapacidade de micção espontânea 30 minutos após o diagnóstico. Análises univariadas e multivariadas foram utilizadas para identificar os fatores preditivos independentes. RESULTADOS: Ocorreu retenção urinária em 19 pacientes (7,39 por cento). Os fatores preditivos independentes identificados foram o volume urinário igual ou maior que 360 mL na admissão à SRPA (Qui-quadrado de Mantel-Haenszel (1 gl) = 18,76; p < 0,01), com razão de chances de 9,82 (intervalo de confiança 95 por cento = 3,26 29,55) e as cirurgias sobre os membros inferiores (Qui-quadrado de Mantel-Haenszel (1 gl) = 5,33; p = 0,02), com razão de chances de 4,33 (intervalo de confiança 95 por cento = 1,34 14,02). CONCLUSÕES: dada a prevalência da retenção urinária, sugere-se avaliação sistemática do volume urinário na SRPA, par ticular mente naqueles portadores de fatores preditivos.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urinary retention is a common condition in the post-anesthetic care unit (PACU). Vesical overdistension and consequent damage of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder represent situations that can be prevented. The ultrasound allows the reliable measurement of the urinary volume, determining the prevalence of postoperative vesical distension. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of postoperative urinary retention and identify independent predictive factors. METHODS: Two-hundred and fifty-seven patients admitted to the PACU were included prospectively in this study. Parameters collected included: age, gender, physical status, site of surgery, type of anesthesia, time of the surgery and anesthesia, use of opioids, volume of fluids administered, and history of urinary symptoms. Vesical volumes were measured by ultrasound after admission and upon discharge from the PACU. The criteria to characterize urinary retention were: vesical volume equal or higher than 600 mL associated with incapacity of spontaneous micturition for 30 minutes after the diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to indentify independent predictive factors. RESULTS: Urinary retention was observed in 19 patients (7.39 percent), independent predictive factors identified included urinary volume equal to or greater than 360 mL upon admission to the PACU (Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test (1 dF) = 18.76; p < 0.01), with an odds ratio of 9.82 (95 percent confidence interval = 3.26-29.55) and surgeries of the lower limbs (Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test (1 dF) = 5.33; p = 0.02), with odds ratio of 4.33 (95 percent confidence interval = 1.34-14.02). CONCLUSIONS: Due to the prevalence of urinary retention, we suggest that a systematic evaluation of the urinary volume at the PACU should be done, especially in those patients with predictive factors.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La retención urinaria es una condición frecuente en la sala de recuperación postanestésica (SRPA). La sobredistensión vesical y la consecuente lesión del detrusor de la vejiga son situaciones que se pueden prevenir. El ultrasonido permite una medida confiable del volumen urinario, determinando la prevalencia de la distensión vesical postoperatoria. Este estudio tuvo el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de retención urinaria postoperatoria e identificar los factores independientes de previsión para su aparecimiento. MÉTODO: Doscientos cincuenta y siete pacientes admitidos en la SRPA fueron prospectivamente incluidos en el estudio. Las variables recolectadas incluyeron: edad, sexo, estado físico, local de la cirugía, tipo de anestesia, tiempos quirúrgico y anestésico, uso o no de opioides, volumen de fluidos administrados, e historial previo de síntomas urinarios. Las medidas del volumen vesical fueron realizadas por ultrasonido, en la entrada y en el alta de la SRPA. El criterio para caracterizar la retención urinaria fue el volumen vesical igual o mayor que 600 mL, asociado a la incapacidad de micción espontánea 30 minutos después del diagnóstico. Los análisis univariados y multivariados fueron utilizados para identificar los factores predictivos independientes. RESULTADOS: Ocurrió una retención urinaria en 19 pacientes (7,39 por ciento). Los factores predictivos independientes identificados fueron el volumen urinario igual o mayor que 360 mL en la admisión a la SRPA (Cui-cuadrado de Mantel-Haenszel (1 gl.) = 18,76; p < 0,01), con razón de chances de 9,82 (intervalo de 95 por ciento de confianza = 3,26 29,55) y las cirugías sobre los miembros inferiores (Cui-cuadrado de Mantel-Haenszel (1 gl.) = 5,33; p = 0,02), con razón de chances de 4,33 (intervalo de un 95 por ciento de confianza = 1,34 14,02). CONCLUSIONES: dada la prevalencia de la retención urinaria, se sugiere una evaluación sistemática del volumen ...

Prevalence and predictive factors of urinary retention assessed by ultrasound in the immediate post-anesthetic period.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urinary retention is a common condition in the post-anesthetic care unit (PACU). Vesical overdistension and consequent damage of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder represent situations that can be prevented. The ultrasound allows the reliable measurement of the urinary volume, determining the prevalence of postoperative vesical distension. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of postoperative urinary retention and identify independent predictive factors. METHODS: Two-hundred and fifty-seven patients admitted to the PACU were included prospectively in this study. Parameters collected included: age, gender, physical status, site of surgery, type of anesthesia, time of the surgery and anesthesia, use of opioids, volume of fluids administered, and history of urinary symptoms. Vesical volumes were measured by ultrasound after admission and upon discharge from the PACU. The criteria to characterize urinary retention were: vesical volume equal or higher than 600 mL associated with incapacity of spontaneous micturition for 30 minutes after the diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to indentify independent predictive factors. RESULTS: Urinary retention was observed in 19 patients (7.39%), independent predictive factors identified included urinary volume equal to or greater than 360 mL upon admission to the PACU (Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test (1 dF) = 18.76; p < 0.01), with an odds ratio of 9.82 (95% confidence interval = 3.26-29.55) and surgeries of the lower limbs (Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test (1 dF) = 5.33; p = 0.02), with odds ratio of 4.33 (95% confidence interval = 1.34-14.02). CONCLUSIONS: Due to the prevalence of urinary retention, we suggest that a systematic evaluation of the urinary volume at the PACU should be done, especially in those patients with predictive factors.